Which sequence best summarizes lactic acid fermentation?

a) glucose → lactic acid + ethyl alcohol

b) glucose → carbon dioxide + ethyl alcohol + energy

c) glucose → carbon dioxide + lactic acid + energy

d) glucose → lactic acid + energy

Answer;

D) glucose → lactic acid + energy

Explanation;

Fermentation refers to the process in which energy in form of ATP is generated in the absence of oxygen, through glycolysis alone.

Thus, Lactic acid fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration that takes place in the muscle cells in which glucose is broken down to yield fast energy and lactic acid as a byproduct.

This type of anaerobic respiration converts pyruvate, final product of glycolysis, to lactic acid with regenaration of NAD+, which allows a continued production of ATP by glycolysis. Therefore, the muscles continues to produce energy when oxygen levels are low.

prophase: we can observe the chromosomes to coil up and condense. they become visible. nuclear membrane and envelope disintigrate.s

metaphase: chromosomes align at the center, the metaphase plate. spindle fibers attach to centromeres of the sister chromatids. they meet at kinetochores.

anaphase: sister chromatids are pulled towards each opposing centromere, set on different poles.

telophase: chromosomes are now clustered up only on either sides of the cell. nuclear membranes reform, and a new cell wall forms along the cell plate. this will lead to cytokinesis, the process that divides the cell membrane and forms the cell wall.