Which of the following types of carbon fixation is associated with plant stomata being open during the night? a. c3 b. c4 c. cam d. all of the above

CAM

Explanation:

Plants like cactus and pineapples uses Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) pathway to minimize photorespiration. These CAM plants at night open their stomata to diffuse CO2 into their leaves. CO2 is then fixed into oxaloacetate by PEP carboxylase which is a common step in C4 plants, oxaloacetate is then covert  into malate or any other organic compound.

the element that provides strength to the exoskeletons of clams and oysters is phosphorus.

this is so because calcium carbonate is the main component in the shells. calcium carbonate is strengthened by phosphorus.

explanation:

answer; i believe its echoic memory,it is believed to last three to four seconds; good luck