During photosynthesis, the energy from sunlight is used to split water molecules. what happens to the hydrogen ions that are split from the water molecules?
a. they flow out of the thylakoid, providing energy to add a phosphate group to adp.
b. they build up in the thylakoid, providing energy to break apart atp molecules.
c. they build up in the thylakoid, where they bond to each other to create atp.
d. they flow out of the thylakoid, where they stimulate enzymes to break apart atp.

A. They flow out of the thylakoid, providing energy to add a phosphate group to ADP.

There are two phases of photosynthesis, light dependent, and light independent phase. During the light-dependent phase, Hydrogen ions are pumped in the thylakoid space ( thylakoid lumen).

The high concentration of hydrogen ions is required for the generation of ATP with the help of enzyme ATP synthase, the process is called as chemiosmosis.

answer:

the water molecules are transferred from the roots to the stem or top parts of the tall tree because of important properties of water which are adhesion, cohesion and capillary action. cohesion is the property of water molecules keeps water molecules in a combined state by sharing of bonds between them at the atomic level. adhesion allows the interaction of water molecules with other substances or substrate. adhesion will cause the attachment of water molecules to the wall of the vessel (xylem) of the plant. capillary action occurs when the adhesive force to the vessel wall is stronger than the cohesive force between water molecules. capillary action mimics the transfer of water from a tube or pipe. in this way water utilizes its property to transfer water from down to top level of the plant.  

multiple allele inheritance is traits controlled by more than 2 alleles (ex: pigeons having 3 alleles of one gene govern their feather color).   so the answer is a.