Sarah can't curl her tongue - which is a recessive trait. both of her parents can curl their tongues - which is dominant. give the genotypes of all persons involved (use t and/or t in the genotypes).

the last one: artificial selection/genetic engineering

plant breeding is modifying the genetic composition of the plant - but this isn't cloning (which is specifically introducing a gene into a genome). but you are artificially selecting for the phenotype that you want.

the second one is literally genetic engineering - the gene would have been cloned first and then inserted or genetically engineered into the new plant cell (the cotton).