By calculating genetic distance, and using rate of change from molecular clock, researchers can estimate when two lineages diverged

It is true that by calculating genetic distance, and using rate of change from molecular clock, researchers can estimate when two lineages diverged.

To add, genetic distance is the term used to describe the number of differences or mutations between two sets of Y-chromosome DNA or mitochondrial DNA test results. Having zero genetic distance equates to having an exact match and that there’s no differences in the two results presented. A lot of people mistakenly assume that genetic distance is the number of generations to a common ancestor, but that is NOT AT ALL what genetic distance means. Genetic distance can also be identified by how many a particular match’s mutation difference to the participant.

measuring light intensity

light meters can be used to measure light intensity. the meter is held at the soil surface and pointed in the direction of the maximum light intensity, and then the meter is read.

errors can be made when measuring light intensity by accidentally shading the light meter. the reliability of the results can be checked by taking many samples.

the answer is d. none of the above