Pioneer species are species which colonize previously uncolonized land, usually leading to ecological succession. They are the first organisms to start the chain of events leading to a livable biosphere or ecosystem. Why is a lichen most likely to be a pioneer species? A The mutualistic relationship of species forming a lichen allows it to survive independently.

B The lichen is fast growing and provides a nutritious food source for many other species.

C The lichen does not require sunlight to survive.

D The lichen is a decomposer that digests rocks and forms soil.​