Please help 20 points

You are exposed to the same pathogen twice in your lifetime. Which of the following
is true?
Your body will fight the second exposure much quicker because it has stored
memory cells against that specific antigen.
The reaction times will be almost equal.
Your body will fight the second exposure much slower because it has already
used up all its antibodies against that antigen.
You cannot be exposed to the same pathogen twice in your life because you
already destroyed those pathogens with your Killer T cells.

the answer is d.) homologous; have mammary glands

you didn't give any options but heres what i can tell you: an inference is likely to change based on additional observations. the latter is something that you have seen or sensed using your sensory organs while the former is like a conclusion out from what you have observed.

the two answers are a, the population of birds with large beaks will increase on the island, and c, the trait for large beaks will be passed on to future generations through natural selection. the reason for that is because if the birds that have beaks developed for eating small seeds lose all of their food, they will go hungry and eventually starve because they physically cannot eat the large seeds, therefore making the population of large beaked birds higher. also, if the trait of large beaks are dominant on the island over small beaks, then over time the large beaked birds will reproduce more and more, while the smaller beaked birds will reproduce less and less because they can't survive with the food provided. that leads to the trait of small beaks disappearing and the trait of large beaks taking over the island.