In drosophila, true breeding, normal-winged and red-eyed flies are crossed with true breeding black wing and white-eyed flies. All the offspring have normal wings and red eyes. In a testcross of these F1 individuals, the following offspring were obtained. Determine the recombination frequency between the locus for wing shape and the locus for eye color. (Make sure to express frequency in a percentage. 754 normal wings, red eyes 115 black wings, red eyes 125 normal wings, white eyes 506 black wings, white eyes

is in the form atp or adenosine triphosphate

step 1: nitrogen fixation- conversion of atmospheric no₂ into forms useful to plants by lightning, bacteria, and cyanobacteria.

step 2: nitrification-process of converting ammonia to nitrite or nitrate.

step 3: assimilation-plant roots absorb new form of nitrogen.

step 4: ammonification-conversion of organic nitrogen to ammonia by bacteria involved in decomposition.

step 5: denitrification-bacteria turns the decomposed matter back into n₂o, which is released into atmosphere; repeat cycle.

measuring light intensity

light meters can be used to measure light intensity. the meter is held at the soil surface and pointed in the direction of the maximum light intensity, and then the meter is read.

errors can be made when measuring light intensity by accidentally shading the light meter. the reliability of the results can be checked by taking many samples.