How does the mutant CCR5
receptor confer resistance to HIV
infection?

A genetic mutation known as CCR5-delta 32 is responsible for the two types of HIV resistance that exist. CCR5-delta 32 hampers HIV's ability to infiltrate immune cells. The mutation causes the CCR5 co-receptor on the outside of cells to develop smaller than usual and no longer sit outside of the cell.

Small molecule antagonists of CCR5 that bind to CCR5 within a pouch created by the seven membrane-spanning hydrophobic helices, stabilize the receptor conformation and prevent HIV binding to the extracellular domains, namely to the N-terminus and ECL-2, thereby blocking gp41-mediated fusion and subsequent viral replication

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