What is one hypothesis to explain the diversity of life (especially the honeycreepers) on the Islands? Question 5 options:

Isolation from parent population and random mutation caused the populations of honeycreepers to evolve and become different enough to be considered a new species.

Isolation and lots of predators played a major role in creating new species of honeycreepers

The islands started out extremely bare, so it was really hard for any mammals to get to the island.

All of the above

Some birds look for food near cattle and other livestock. the movement of the cattle churns up the ground, making insects available to the birds. the cattle appear to be unaffected by the presence of the birds. what kind of relationship exists between the birds and the cattle? o a. parasitism o b. commensalism o c. predation o d. mutualism

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i.e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).

When rutherford performed his metal foil experiment, he was surprised that most of the alpha particles