The sex of an organism is typically determined genetically, but environmental factors can also play a role. Scientists examined the roles of genes and environmental temperature in the sex determination of a lizard species. Individuals with a ZWpair of chromosomes are always female (ZWf), while individuals with a ZZ pair of chromosomes can be either male (ZZm) or female (ZZf). Scientists mated ZWf or ZZf females with ZZm males and incubated the eggs produced in 20 clutches at temperatures ranging from 23°C to 36°C. When the young hatched, the scientists determined their sexes (Table 1). Among the eggs that did not hatch, the mortality of embryonic lizards was approximately the same for both males and females. (b) Using the template, construct an appropriately labeled graph, including error bars, to represent the data in Table 1. Based on the data, compare the ZZm×ZWf crosses and the ZZm×ZZf crosses to determine whether there is a significant difference between the two crosses in the fraction of female progeny produced at 24°C, 32°C, and 36°C.

Our planet has experienced five major extinctions in the four billion year history of life. the first, 450 million years ago, occurred shortly after the evolution of the first land-based plants and 100 million years after the cambrian explosion. the second extinction occurred 350 million years ago, causing the formation of coal forests. next earth experienced two mass extinctions during the triassic period, between 250 and 200 million years ago. the fifth mass extinction occurred 65 million years ago, ending the reptilian dominance of the earth. according to richard leakey, the sixth mass extinction is happening right now. leakey suggests that we, the human race, are the cause. each year, at our hand, approximately 50,000 species vanish from earth. he believes that man is destroying earth at a rate comparable with the impact of a giant asteroid. leakey's statistics indicate that 50% of earth's species will become extinct within the next 100 years assuming leakey's hypothesis of a sixth mass extinction to be true, how will we expect the model to change? a) a sharp spike in the graph approximately 100 million years from now b) a dip in the graph, followed by a sharp spike about 100 million years from now c) a sharp spike in the graph immediately following the "0" location of the x axis d) a plateau following the "0" mark on the x axis, followed by a gradual rise to a new peak