The average internal combustion engine (ICE) passenger vehicle emits approximately 8.900 grams of CO2 per gallon of gasoline. A customer at a car dealership is comparing a traditional ICE vehicle and a hybrid vehicle
Hybrids vehicles are powered by a combination of gasoline and an electric battery. The customer is wanting to do
her part and reduce her carbon footprint The ICE vehicle that she is looking at gets on average 22 miles per
gallon. The hybrid vehicle that she is considering gets on average 49 miles per gallon. If the customer averages
12.000 miles per year, calculate how much she will reduce her carbon dioxide emissions, in metric tons, by
choosing the hybrid vehicle over the all gas vehicle
2.2 metric tons
26 metric tons
4.2 metric tons
70 metric tons

volcanoes (an event in the geosphere) release a large amount of particulate matter into the atmosphere. these particles serve as nuclei for the formation of water droplets (hydrosphere). rainfall (hydrosphere) often increases following an eruption, stimulating plant growth (biosphere).

step 1: nitrogen fixation- conversion of atmospheric no₂ into forms useful to plants by lightning, bacteria, and cyanobacteria.

step 2: nitrification-process of converting ammonia to nitrite or nitrate.

step 3: assimilation-plant roots absorb new form of nitrogen.

step 4: ammonification-conversion of organic nitrogen to ammonia by bacteria involved in decomposition.

step 5: denitrification-bacteria turns the decomposed matter back into n₂o, which is released into atmosphere; repeat cycle.