Darwin also observed fossil shells of marine organisms high up in the Andes mountains, and saw an earthquake move land that was underwater above sea level. How did he apply these insights to the evolution of organisms?

Geological events can cause drastic changes over long periods of times

Explanation:

He used these insights and stated that Geological events can cause drastic changes over long periods of time. Such changes can cause entire species to become extinct or cause drastic evolutionary physical changes to other species. This is because the environment changes and the animals living in these environments need to adapt in order to be able to survive. Some changes such as continental drift can even move species to different parts of the world where the climate is drastically different.

a. by using fur or clothes to trap heat energy near the body

cells use diffusion to get substances in and out of themselves. that diffusion will occur across the cell membrane or the outer covering of the cell. because we are talking about the surface of the cell, surface area and volume are  important factors here. as a cell increases in size, its surface area and volume increase as well.  we call that the surface area to volume ratio (sa: vol).  but the catch is that  volume increases at a greater rate than surface  area. in other words, as a cell gets bigger, the sa: vol gets smaller. so a really small cell like bacteria is mostly cell membrane (surface) with very little contents (volume). a really big cell like an egg, is mostly insides with a super thin membrane. so what ends up happening is that the cell cannot efficiently diffuse all of the stuff it needs in/out to survive. therefore cell size is limited to about 100mm. so how do we make organisms bigger than 100mm? cells divide! by dividing and becoming multicellular, organisms are able to grow!   check out the diagrams i attached to see the effect of sa: vol. i hope this ! good luck!