What are the steps involved in making a protein? Introduction
Before a protein can be built, the biochemical blueprints for its construction must be packaged and
transferred out of the DNA “library.” First, the specific sequence of DNA that codes for the protein
is transcribed into a complementary strand of mRNA. In eukaryotic cells, the mRNA then leaves the
nucleus and enters the cytoplasm. In all cells, the mRNA molecule attaches to a ribosome, where
tRNA anticodons translate the mRNA into amino acids. The completed amino acid chain, or
polypeptide, then folds into its final shape as a protein.
In this lab, you will model transcription of DNA and translation of mRNA while you decode secret
messages.
Skills Focus
Use Models, Sequence

Pre-Lab Questions
1. Sequence Describe briefly the process you will use to decode the messages.

2. Compare and Contrast What role do stop codons play in protein synthesis? What are they used
for in the coded messages?

3. Predict Which six letters will not appear in the coded messages? Give a reason for your answer.

the answer to your question is sperm

4.) metal

"-the movement of carbon from the nonliving environment into living things and back to the environment

-carbon is the essential component of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates (which make up all organisms)

-carbon exists in air, water, and living organisms

-producers convert carbon dioxide in the atmosphere into carbohydrates during photosynthesis

-bacteria in the atmosphere cycles through the system in filtration units

-in cellular respiration, carbon is released back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide

-some carbon is stored in limestone (forming one of the largest "carbon sinks" on earth)

-largest carbon reservoir on earth= limestone

-carbon stored in the bodies of organisms as fat, oils, or other molecules may be released into the soil or air when the organism dies

-this may form deposits of coal, oil, or natural gas (fossil fuels, which increased the atmospheric carbon dioxide)

-fossil fuels store carbon left over from bodies of organisms that died millions of years ago

-they are located in the surface of earth, deep within the earth and beneath the ocean floor."    

what bodys are there orbiting?