A modification of a gene or chromosome that occurs during gamete formation or early development that permanently alters the expression of that gene for the lifetime of the individual is called:. a. epigenetic inheritance.
b. maternal effect.
c. sex-linked inheritance.
d. extra nuclear inheritance.
e. epistasis.

Explanation:

Epigenetic inheritance is deals with the

study of the chemical modification of some genes or gene that are associated with proteins of an organism. An example of epigenetic is

Methylation it can either change rapidly during the life span of an organism or can be permanent if set early in the development of the embryo.

Epigenetic modifications are heritable, and can be passed from parents to offspring through genetic inheritance or passed down through multiple generations via transgenerational epigenetic inheritance.

the correct answer is: b. pantala flavescens, because these organisms would have a high level of genetic variation due to sexual reproduction.  

because involves two organisms (parents) whose genetic material combines, sexual reproduction leads to genetic variation in new generations of offspring. the offspring is an unique organism, with new genome, more protected with the higher ability to adapted. this process is fundamental to evolution.