How can oil spills affect the ability of sea birds to access resources such as food and shelter? How will other animals that depend on birds for food be affected?

To answer this question, researchers studied populations of the dusky salamander (desmognathus ochrophaeus) living on different mountain ranges in the southern appalachian mountains. the researchers tested the reproductive isolation of pairs of salamander populations by leaving one male and one female together and later checking the females for the presence of sperm. four mating combinations were tested for each pair of populations (a and b)—two within the same population (female a with male a and female b with male b) and two between populations (female a with male b and female b with male a). the proportion of successful matings for each mating combination was measured. for example, when all the matings of a particular combination were successful, the researchers gave it a value of 1; when none of the matings were successful, they gave it a value of 0. then the researchers calculated an index of reproductive isolation that ranged from 0 (no isolation) to 2 (full isolation). the reproductive isolation value for two populations is the sum of the proportion of successful matings of each type within populations (aa + bb) minus the sum of the proportion of successful matings of each type between populations (ab + ba). the table provides data for the geographic distances and reproductive isolation values for 27 pairs of dusky salamander populations.

The small molecule cyclic amp (camp) takes about 0.2 second to diffuse 10 μm, on average, in a cell. suppose that camp is produced near the plasma membrane on one end of the cell; how long will it take for this camp to diffuse through the cytosol and reach the opposite end of a very large cell, on average? assume that the cell is 200 μm in diameter.

Fill in the blank 1. digestion occurs in the small intestine through the action of enzymes. 2. urea, excess water, and other waste materials are eliminated in a water fluid called 3. can cause infections by injecting dna or rna into hosts. 4. the human immune system produces in response to a vaccine, which later can bind to and destroy a pathogen if it invades. 5. are structures that link bone to bone at a joint 6. in the heart, blood flows from the right atrium to the right ventricle, where it is pumped to the the words i can use are: lymphocytes gliding pivot gas urine absorption dermis fulcrum lungs chemical viruses capillary vertebrae esophagus tendons antibodies synapses ligaments kidneys pathogens