Waves, wind, water, and glaciers shape and reshape Earth’s surface by gradually wearing away (eroding) the rocks and soil. Through these processes, the material that makes up Earth’s crust is moved from one place to another. When it rains, water that is not used by plants or dried up by the sun slowly flows through the topsoil downhill into nearby water basins (lakes, rivers, streams, aquifers, etc.). When the flow of water is slow, land changes and erosion occur very slowly over time. If the flow of water in the topsoil is rapid, then changes to the landscape may occur rapidly as well. One example of this rapid movement of topsoil is a landslide.
Soil is rich in nutrients, detritus (dead organic matter such as wood chips and leaves) and sometimes may even contain harmful pesticides (man-made chemicals to control weeds and insects). All of these things contained in soil can be carried by land runoff and eventually pollute our waterways that we rely on drinking water. In areas where the land is poorly managed, too much soil erosion can occur which leads to poor water quality. In this activity you will explore how water runoff affects the transport of topsoil and water quality under different land conditions
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