Plants use the proton electrochemical gradient across the vacuole membrane to power the accumulation of salts and sugars in the organelle. This accumulation creates hypertonic conditions in the vacuole. Why does this not result in the plant cell swelling and bursting?

Due to movement of water to the outside environment.

Explanation:

This hypertonic solution is not result in the plant cell swelling and bursting because hypertonic causes shrinkage of cell instead of swelling. Swelling of cell occurs when the cell experiences hypotonic solution due to presence of less amount of solutes inside the cell. In hypertonic solution, there is less amount of water in the solution as compared to the cell so the water in the cell moves towards outside of the cell causes shrinkage of the cell.

each of the 46 original chromosomes splits into two daughter chromosomes, so there are two sets of 46 daughter chromosomes that end up in each cell. human cells have 46 chromosomes. each chromosome consists of a pair of identical chromatids attached together by a structure called a centromere.