la relación entre la velocidad de la luz en medio respecto ala velocidad de la misma en otro se le conoce como: refracción , reflexión , ley de Snell , índice de refracción​

many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.

answer >   yes we do, women; have three holes, urethral opening(pee hole, vagina, and the women pee/girls pee out of the urethra like the men do; only they have a single opening to pee/ejaculate.   (sorry if i'm too forward with this, but this is for a biology class, isn't it? )

hope that !         : )

b. climate change will cause an increase in biodiversity of all ecosystems.

hope this