The in an experiment is the factor that responds to what is being changed/tested. It is
the measured, or observed, data.

-dependent variable
-independent variable
-control group
-constant

Constant is the answer. Maybe it us dependent or Independent.

it would affect precipitation by causing flooding in some areas of the world due to climate increasing, causing the glaciers in the northern and southern pole of our planet to melt.

i wish you would have provided choices to simplify it and allow me to give an exact answer.

allowed for the prediction of the properties of missing elements.