The Perdido Archipelago is a group of 10 islands, somewhere in the middle of the tropical Pacific Ocean. A species of laughing gull (a marine bird) exists in populations of about 10,000 on each of the islands. There are two color morphs, a melanic (black) form and a white form. The gulls breed once a year. Every breeding season, 1000 individuals disperse from each population to other islands in the archipelago and breed with residents when they arrive at their homes. Each of these 1000 individuals is replaced by migrants from other islands. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
a. Inbreeding should lead to increased frequencies of heterozygotes.
b. Gene flow is sufficiently high to offset the effects of changes in gene frequencies in this example.
c. The populations on each island are likely to diverge into new species over time.
d. Allelic frequencies will be very different on each of the islands
e. None of the above are true.