Describe three different ways that organisms can become reproductively isolated.

To answer this question, researchers studied populations of the dusky salamander (desmognathus ochrophaeus) living on different mountain ranges in the southern appalachian mountains. the researchers tested the reproductive isolation of pairs of salamander populations by leaving one male and one female together and later checking the females for the presence of sperm. four mating combinations were tested for each pair of populations (a and b)—two within the same population (female a with male a and female b with male b) and two between populations (female a with male b and female b with male a). the proportion of successful matings for each mating combination was measured. for example, when all the matings of a particular combination were successful, the researchers gave it a value of 1; when none of the matings were successful, they gave it a value of 0. then the researchers calculated an index of reproductive isolation that ranged from 0 (no isolation) to 2 (full isolation). the reproductive isolation value for two populations is the sum of the proportion of successful matings of each type within populations (aa + bb) minus the sum of the proportion of successful matings of each type between populations (ab + ba). the table provides data for the geographic distances and reproductive isolation values for 27 pairs of dusky salamander populations.

Diego conducted an experiment to find out what kind of ball bounces the highest when dropped from a five-foot platform. he used a golf ball, a tennis ball, and a soccer ball. he dropped each ball from the balcony once. diego recorded his observations after each drop. what can diego do to best improve the reliability of his results? a) drop each ball from the platform three more times b) record his observations in more than one unit c) write at least two scientific questions after the experiment is complete d) share his results with other people who have done similar experiments you for the !

Is there any species that went extinct in recent years due to natural causes (not caused by human interaction). if so, what caused it?