The earth's surface tends to lose heat in winter. Which of the above cities would have the warmest average winter temperature? Why? Since the sun is approximately 93 million miles from the earth and space has no temperature, how do we get heat from the sun?
How would the uneven energy absorption by different surfaces on earth (water, soil, snow, trees, sand, etc.) affect the atmosphere?

Explanation:

Of the energy that reaches the Earth from the Sun, a small amount is absorbed by the atmosphere, a larger amount (about 30%) is reflected back to space by clouds and the Earth's surface, and most of it is absorbed at the planet surface and then released as heat. 

Energy is transferred between the Earth's surface and the atmosphere in a variety of ways, including radiation, conduction, and convection.

Molecules of all substances, even solids, have random motion and therefore an associated kinetic energy and temperature. ... Completely empty space would have no temperature since there are no molecules there.

(this is not much but hope it helps u)

the answer to your question is b

answer and explanation;

volcanic rocks are igneous rocks which form from lava, molten rock which has been thrust out of a volcano onto the surface of a rocky body such as an asteroid, planet, or dwarf planet.  

plutonic rocks are igneous rocks which form from subterranean chambers of molten rock or magma. plutonic rocks make up the base of continental crust as well as oceanic crust. their slow rate of formation causes them to be coarse grained since there is plenty of time for large crystals to form before the magma solidifies into rock.

the textural difference is that plutonic rocks are more coarse grained than volcanic rocks. plutonic rocks are coarse grained while volcanic are fine grained ; glassey or fragmental. since fine and coarse are adjectives the decision as to whether a rock is fine or coarse grained is generally made on the bases of whether or not the individual crystals can be seen in most if the rock.