Mark is studying the effect of carbon emissions from his car on air quality. He does this by putting his car in a closed air environment and letting it run for specified amounts of time. From a remote distance (where he is safe), Mark measures the carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and methane levels in the air. From here, Mark will recreate the conditions caused by his car on a smaller scale in his lab, to determine the possible molarity of the acid rain as a result.

Which is an advantage of having memory cells when a pathogen is encountered for a second time. a) the memory cells are what proliferate into clones of cells in response to the binding of an antigen. b) memory cells are vital to the primary immune response in that they immediately recognize pathogens even at the first encounter. c) memory cells are essentially effector cells that are short lived and attack antigens even without having a receptor specific to that antigen. d) it ensures that more lymphocytes with a receptor specific to a particular antigen will be present than in a host that had never encountered that pathogen.

How do all types of diffusion/passive transport actually ‘work’ without using even the smallest amount of cellular energy?

If there is another new infectious disease somewhere in the world, what do you think canadian officials should do