How do we know ions are present in living things?

How would you describe the the organisms in the second row of model 1 that are connected to the parents by a line

Cladistics is a way of classifying organisms by examining the characteristics of their ancestors and descendants and depicting the relationships in a cladogram. which of the following best describes a challenge in classifying organisms this way? a. there are millions of species on earth, and a cladogram is not a practical means for classifying all of them. b. it is impossible to tell which organisms are most closely related to each other using a cladogram. c. cladograms are detail-oriented and do not provide a useful understanding of evolutionary relationships. d. there is a limited number of ways to organize the information, so most cladograms end up looking very similar.

Which short-term environmental changes would a very small asteroid or comet impact on earth most likely cause? check all that apply. flooding extinction craters on surface changes in weather patterns death of organisms and populations