Which of the following would explain why the total fertility rate is 3.8 five years later? A governmental policy to ensure replacement-level fertility remains constant even though there is no change in death rate.

Females are being given fewer educational opportunities so there is a reluctance to have children.

Couples are able to settle down at younger ages and quality of life has improved in the nation.

The birth rate is determined to be 28 births for every 1,000 individuals five years later.