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many other transport proteins, often called pumps, move materials against a concentration gradient. active transport drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration. this process, shown in figure 5.1, uses transport proteins powered by chemi- cal energy.

rising temperatures because when water vapor in the air is cooled, it condenses. it turns back into a liquid and attaches to dust particles in the air. these very small water droplets group together to form clouds

the principles and empirical processes of discovery and demonstration considered characteristic of or necessary for scientific investigation, generally involving the observation of phenomena, the formulation of a hypothesis concerning the phenomena, experimentation to test the hypothesis, and development of a conclusion that confirms, rejects, or modifies the hypothesis.

living things use carbon in a vast number of molecules in their bodies.

explanation: