Please HELP 50 pts! The article talks about two main ways to define life. One definition focuses on self-organization and self-maintenance. The other definition focuses on self-replication and evolution. Which definition of life are viruses definitively excluded from? Why are they excluded from this definition? How does the author defend the exclusion of viruses from the other definition as well?

Article:
http://max2.ese. u-psud. fr/publications/2009-NRM-viruses. pdf

20 point pls brianliest 1. what does a red shift mean? blue shift? 2. describe the big bang theory. according to this theory, how old is the universe? 3. scientists believe the universe is expanding. what is the evidence that supports this? 4. describe a nebula. 5. describe the 3 types of galaxies. what is a barred spiral galaxy? 6. what is a light year? how far is alpha centauri from earth? 7. describe the universal law of gravitation. be sure to include gravitational force between two objects. 8. describe the planets’ orbits around the sun. 9. what is the asteroid belt? where is it located? 10. describe rotation and revolution of earth. what determines an earth day and year? 11. how do galaxies exist? 12. compare and contrast the inner and outer planets. 13. what causes the seasons?