The two vessels in the figure are filled to the brim with water of different temperature. From which vessel will water be poured if its temperature is increased by 3°C?

you did not attach the discourse, but i assume it to be the discourse on the origin and basis of inequality among men (the original titile in french is: "discours sur l'origine et les fondements de l'inégalité parmi les hommes"), also know as "second discourse". in this discourse, jean-jacques rousseau emphasizes that private property is the basis of all inequalities.

therefore, what enabled the old regime to maintain as long as it did was private property.

b. lithosphere, asthenosphere, mesosphere   is the answer most likely