Original Source Material: A communication channel is the means by which messages get from one individual to another. The nature of the information-exchange relationship between a pair of individuals determines the conditions under which a source will or will not transmit the innovation to the receiver and the effect of such a transfer.

within 30 of the equator hope this

primary succession occurs in essentially lifeless areas regions in which the soil is incapable of sustaining life as a result of such factors as lava flows, newly formed sand dunes, or rocks left from a retreating glacier. secondary succession occurs

measuring light intensity

light meters can be used to measure light intensity. the meter is held at the soil surface and pointed in the direction of the maximum light intensity, and then the meter is read.

errors can be made when measuring light intensity by accidentally shading the light meter. the reliability of the results can be checked by taking many samples.

yes, because even though a theory has a  lot of evidence to support it, it is not always true