How many base pairs long are the E. coli O157:H7 DNA fragments that were separated out on the gel? (there are more than one) How many base pairs long was the original E. coli O157:H7 gene before it was cut using a restriction enzyme?

Consider a random mutation in a restriction site for one of the patient's samples that you ran. Would the banding pattern match the positive control sample? Explain how you determined your answer?

Lane 1 is a molecular base pair ladder, Lane 2 is a positive control for E. coli O157:H7, Lane 3 is patient 1, lane 4 is patient 2, lane 5 is patient 3 and lane 6 is patient 4.

The endoplasmic reticulum (er) is an organelle in some cells. in these cells, it is continuous with the nuclear membrane and forms a large part of the cell\'s total membrane. sort the phrases below as describing rough er, smooth er, both, or neither. note: if you answer any part of this question incorrectly, a single red x will appear indicating that one or more of the phrases are sorted incorrectly.1) found in prokaryites and uekaryotys2) involved in protein synthesis3) involve in lipid synthesis4) contains molecular chaperones in lumen5) bound with ribosomes6) involved in toxin or drug metabolism7) large systemot internnected tubules,vesicles, and sacs8) "packages" enzymes in vesicles for secretion.

Which best example best demonstrates the importance of having knowledge of evolutionary relationships? a. illustration of a plant b.organ transplantation between species c. blood donation from a human d. do you need sequence of an insect.

You will create a molecular clock model for an arthropod gene. follow these guidelines to make your model: . your timeline will span from 90 million years ago to the present. the common ancestor in your model is an arthropod that lived 90 million years ago. the gene that you'll track codes for a protein in the species venom . the dna sequence youll track contains 10 nitrogen bases. you can choose the order of the bases and where the mutations occur. this gene mutates at a rate of approximately 0.76 base pairs every 17.1 million years. to build your model,/ calculate the estimated time period it takes for 1 base pair to mutate. the first time period will only show the common ancestor. at the beginning of the second time period, three lineages will diverge from the common ancestor, each with a different mutation in their gene sequences. the first and third descendant species will survive for the rest of the timeline. the second descendant species was extinct 50 million years ago. calculate how long it will take for one full base pair mutation to occur. explain your reasoning by constructing a mathematical equation