Mario Capecchi, Sir Martin Evans, and Oliver Smithies recently won a Nobel Prize for gene targeting (gene knockouts) in mice. Describe the steps involved in creating a knockout mouse.

velocity and height

the answer that best describes the relative refractory period in the neuron is the resting membrane potential is restored, but concentrations of sodium and potassium are not restored to their original state.

the refractory period is the time during which another stimulus given to the neuron will not lead to a second potential. thus, because na+ channels are inactivated during this time, additional depolarizing stimuli do not lead to new action potentials.  

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