Why is the action of phagocytes considered a nonspecific response? It does not occur at any specific temperature.
It is not involved with the production of any specific type of lymphocyte.
It does not respond to any specific type of hormone.
It is not a response to a specific type of pathogen.

Which is an advantage of having memory cells when a pathogen is encountered for a second time. a) the memory cells are what proliferate into clones of cells in response to the binding of an antigen. b) memory cells are vital to the primary immune response in that they immediately recognize pathogens even at the first encounter. c) memory cells are essentially effector cells that are short lived and attack antigens even without having a receptor specific to that antigen. d) it ensures that more lymphocytes with a receptor specific to a particular antigen will be present than in a host that had never encountered that pathogen.