1. Explain how enzymes function as catalysts. 2. Explain the induced fit model of enzymes 3. Provide examples of enzyme-catalyzed reactions in biological systems. 4. Explain the relationship between enzyme structure and function 5. Explain the major modes of the regulation of enzyme activity.

1. Enzymes are proteins working as catalysts that speed up processes by reducing the activation energy. They speed up the processes in the cells such that they may occur in fractions of seconds. In the absence of catalysts most biological processes would not occur even during time spans of years.

2. The induced fit model asserts that substrate attaches to an active site and both alter shape slightly, generating an optimum match for catalysis. When an enzyme attaches to its substrate, it creates an enzyme-substrate complex. At the end of the process, the enzyme will always revert to its original condition.

3. The Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, the processes that are involved in this route are catalyzed by enzymes.

The enzymes of Glycolysis are found outside the mitochondrial surface while the enzymes of Krebs cycle are placed in the matrix of mitochondria except succinate dehydrogenase which is present in the inner membrane of mitochondria.

4. Most enzymes are proteins and consequently their function is unique to their structure. Enzymes function as a catalyst to boost the pace of practically all the chemical events that take place in a biological system.

5. Genetic control, compartmentalization, adjustment of substrate concentration, degradation, changing of environmental parameters like pH, and processing of zymogens are all methods that may be utilized to regulate enzyme activity (induction and repression).

Explanation:

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carbon atoms, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.