We will be comparing urine output, urine osmolarity, urine pH, and presence of urinary glucose between subjects that have ingested water ad libidum, water at 7.5 mL/kg body weight, water at 16 mL/kg, cola at 7.5 mL/kg, sports drink at 7.5 mL/kg, and diet cola at 7.5 mL/kg body weight. 1. Which of these groups would you expect to have the highest urine output? Why? 2. Which of these groups would you expect to have the highest urine osmolarity? Why? 3. Do you expect to see any alteration in urinary pH in any of the groups? Why or why not? 4. Would you expect to see the presence of glucose in the urine for any of these groups? Why or why not?

What are chlorofluorocarbons made of

Mouse liver cells were homogenized and the homogenate subjected to equilibrium density-gradient centrifugation with sucrose gradients. fractions obtained from these gradients were assayed for marker molecules (i.e., molecules that are limited to specific organelles). the results of these assays are shown in the figure. the marker molecules have the following functions: cytochrome oxidase is an enzyme involved in the process by which atp is formed in the complete aerobic degradation of glucose or fatty acids; ribosomal rna forms part of the protein-synthesizing ribosomes; catalase catalyzes decomposition of hydrogen peroxide; acid phosphatase hydrolysis monophosphoric esters at acid ph; cytidylyltransferase is involved in phospholipid biosynthesis; and amino acid permease aids in transport of amino acids across membranes. a) name the marker molecule and give the number of the fraction that is most enriched for each of the following cell components: lysosomes; peroxisomes; mitochondria; plasma membrane; rough endoplasmic reticulum; smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

Select the correct answer. which mutation is harmful to the organism? a. a mutation allowing moths to camouflage better on blackened tree bark b. a mutation making staphylococcus aureus resistant to the antibiotic methicillin c. a mutation inhibiting human immunodeficiency virus from attaching to and entering the cell d. a mutation causing uncontrolled cell division e. a mutation giving plant leaves a bitter taste to discourage herbivores from eating them