Without DNA repair, the error rate of DNA polymerase is about one for every 100,000 bases replicated. If an organism has a haploid genome of 1.5 billion base pairs, how many mutations should occur each time a diploid cell replicates its DNA

metamorphism is the change of minerals or geologic texture (distinct arrangement of minerals) in pre-existing rocks (protoliths), without the protolith melting into liquid magma (a solid-state change). the change occurs primarily due to heat, pressure, and the introduction of chemically active fluids. i hoped i !

enzyme active site and substrate specificity

enzymes bind with chemical reactants called substrates. there may be one or more substrates for each type of enzyme, depending on the particular chemical reaction. in some reactions, a single-reactant substrate is broken down into multiple products