In an ecosystem, energy is captured from the sun or in some rare cases, heat from the interior of Earth by producers. Energy is transferred to higher levels of
the ecosystem as food. At each level, much of the energy is lost as heat to the
environment so it is not available to the next trophic level. The amount of food
energy available to the top consumers is much less than the amount produced in
the ecosystem. According to this passage the energy lost between trophic levels
*
O can be captured only by the parasitic organisms
O cools the surrounding area
is used in the course of normal living
evaporates in the atmosphere

the transfer of energy between two molecules spaced just nanometers apart plays a key role in many technologies, including photovoltaics, quantum information systems, lighting, and sensors, as well as in biophysics to measure nanometer distances and in photosynthesis. but an open question in this area is what effect, if any, the surrounding photonic environment has on this nanoscale energy transfer. by designing and performing a carefully controlled experiment to answer this question, scientists have settled the debate and found clues to improving the efficiency of many of the technologies that rely on this process.

explanation:

the answer would be d

cell regulation is conducted by special proteins.

there are mainly three domains in biological classification namely; archaea, bacteria, and eukarya.

archaea includes all the prokaryotic cells which are characterized by their lipid membranes. they have branched hydrocarbon which is attached to glycerol through an ether linkage.

bacteria includes all the prokaryotic cells, the cell membrane of which are made up of the unbranched fatty acid chain. in addition, they are attached to glycerol through an ester bond.

eukarya includes all the eukaryotic cells, that is, the cells contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound cell organelles.

they can be autotrophic as well as heterotrophic, unicellular as well as multicellular

they include kingdoms like protista, plantae, animalia, fungi et cetera.

read more on -

explanation: