When lichens grow on bare rock, they may eventually accumulate enough organic material around them to supply the foothold for later rooted vegetation. These early pioneering lichens can be said to do what for species arriving in a later successional stage

answer; /// i believe that the correct answer is ( monophasic ); ethinyl estradiol- ethynodiol diacetate is a monophasic oral contraceptive agent; ///

sulfur dioxide

explanation: acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction that begins when compounds like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the air. these substances can rise very high into the atmosphere, where they mix and react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form more acidic pollutants, known as acid rain.

idk what the options are but

these is a strong electrostatic attraction between the ions hence a lot of energy is needed to overcome this attraction

this is why the boiling points are so high

its temperature is increasing. this causes molecular vibrations to increase.