10. How is genetic variation measured? By the amount of different in a pool. Alleles are different of the same gene. A gene pool is all the combined of all the individuals in a The allele is how an allele is in a population 11. What are the 2 major sources of genetic variation in a gene pool? during meiosis produces different combinations of genes and in the DNA sequence causes changes in genes
12. What are negative effects of genetic mutations? What are positive effects of genetic mutations? Mutations are very in the gene pool. They can cause disorders () They lead to genetic and may lead to traits that are beneficial for survival ()
13. Why is genetic variation important? Many differences in (different alleles) produce many different . Organisms with many different possible give “” more options to “” from if environmental conditions .
14. What will happen to organisms that DO NOT have much genetic variation? These organisms will have very similar If environmental conditions change, “” will not have many traits to “” from and the organism may go .
15. What is a good example of natural selection seen today? Peppered of England Peppered moths are either white with spots () or black () in color White colored moths in tree bark and were hard for to see moths were seen more easily and were by predators Local coal plants started producing black that covered bark ( CHANGES) Now black moths had better and became genotype
16. Why is it important that there are many different types of organisms on Earth? Many different organisms increase the that at least some will survive a major environmental . Many organisms increase the “” that NATURE “” from
17. What is gene flow? The movement of from one to another Gene flow increases the genetic in the population where alleles are moving If genes DO NOT flow between 2 populations of the same species, they may become species.
18. What is genetic drift? How does it affect a population? What are some examples of genetic drift? If a small population is (drifts) from a larger one, the new population will have genetic diversity than the original This could cause genes to show up much commonly. Examples are in Amish communities, and handicaps in children
19. What are 2 causes of genetic drift? effect – population size greatly , and population leftover does not have good genes or much variation effect – small population a new area, and new population does not have good genes or much variation