When does nondisjunction occur? A. when a piece of a chromosome reverses
B. when homologous chromosomes fail to
separate during meiosis
C. when a nucleotide is deleted

Which of the following would be least likely to support the modern concept of biological evolution? ( 2 points) a)different species of organisms with similar bone patterns b)different species of organisms with similar reproductive rates species in c)different domains with similar metabolic pathways species in d)different kingdoms with similar cellular structures.

The kidney filters potentially toxic substances in the blood, and thus “clears” the blood of those substances. this clearance function is dependent upon and proportional to the diffusion gradient of the substance across filtering capillaries, i.e. if the concentration of the substance is doubled, twice as much will be cleared from each ml of blood that is filtered. suppose that the body produces a constant amount of a substance x per unit of time. the kidneys eliminate substance x at a rate directly proportional to the concentration of the substance and the volume of blood cleared each minute (c): elimination = c × [x], where [x] is the steady-state concentration of substance x. imagine an individual with an initial concentration of x equal to [x]0 who develops kidney disease. her baseline clearance c0 drops to one half of the original (½c0). what is the new steady state concentration of x? (for simplicity, assume that substance x is 100% filtered by the kidney).

In one or two well-crafted paragraphs in your laboratory journal, summarize the process in which normal cells become cancer cells. your paragraph(s) must include each of the terms listed below. underline each term in your writing: