How can we best characterize the physical differences between humans and apes?

The physical differences between humans and apes are: human have  relatively short and weak arms compared to their legs.  Human's toes become shorter, so human's feet do not have the ability to effectively grasp and manipulate objects.  Human feet are longer than the feet of apes, in order to better support the body. 

C. gemstones they are the only non metallic mineral from the list.

Molecules called lipids have long hydrocarbon chains that determine the way they act. they can be fats, oils, or hormones, and even exist in our cell membranes