d. Mutations
Mutations are a natural
phenomenon that are alterations or slight modifications that occurs in the DNA.
It actually is typical for these modifications to occur in most DNA in our chromosomes.
Though the changes both intrinsically and extrinsically can only be the result
of such need, insignificant or have an insidious effect. It canβt be avoided
and it usually happens every time cells undergoes mitosis and meiosis. Further,
most of these modifications in the copied cells are good. Lastly, the mutation
process happens in the basic structure that shapes every cell and every
creature so it just a natural phenomenon, mostly.