Suppose you extracted dna from a cheek cell that contains two copies of the same alu insert (one on each homologous chromosome). after 30 cycles of pcr, how many total copies of this region would be produced (assuming successful amplification)? show your work.

After n cycles of PCR = 2^n copies of the target sequence

Where n = 30 cycles as given in the problem.

Substituting this to the identified formula, let 

2^30 1,073,741,824 copies of the target sequence. 

Therefore, a total of 1,073,741,824 copies would be produced.

a covalent bond, specfically triple bond

d. organisms have cells with different shapes and functions.