What type of growth occurs when a new species is introduced into an environment?

When lactate builds up in a runners muscles it causes a burning sensation what causes this to occur

When listening the levels of orginization in orginisims from the smallest to most complex , which level is just below organs in complexity

What is a limitation of using a chemical formula, such as c6h1206, to represent a compound? the chemical formula does not show the types of elements that make up the compound. the chemical formula does not show how the atoms are connected to one another the chemical formula does not show the number of atoms of each element in a molecule. the chemical formula does not show the chemical symbols of the elements in the compound