Structurally, the joint found between adjacent vertebral bodies is a

both male and female gametes are produced by meiosis of the germ cells. therefore, both male and female gametes are haploid. one male and one female gamete unite during the fertilization to form the diploid zygote. in seed bearing plants, pollen grain is the male gametophyte, which produces sperm cells.

answer: substrate concentration. enzymes work best when there is a high enough substrate concentration for the reaction they catalyse.