Lupe grows pea plants in her garden. the pea plants have flowers that can be either purple or white, with purple color being dominant to white color. the peas produced by lupe's pea plants can also be either round or wrinkled, with round peas being dominant to wrinkled peas. lupe crosses two pea plants that are heterozygous for both traits. if a gamete from this cross receives a dominant allele for flower color, how does this influence the probability of the gamete receiving a dominant allele for pea shape? (assume that the genes for flower color and pea shape follow the law of independent assortment.)

Answer-

Probability of the gamete receiving a dominant allele for pea shape if it has dominant allele for flower color is

Explanation-

Let "P" represents purple color and "p" represents white color.

While "R" represents round pea seed while "r" represents wrinkled pea seed

Genotype of parent with both heterozygous trait - PpRr

       PR         Pr         pR         pr

PR PPRRPPRrPpRRPpRr

Pr PPRrPPrrPpRrPprr

pR PpRRPpRrppRRppRr

pr PpRrPprrppRrpprr

Possible genotypes are –

PPRR-1

PPRr-2

PpRR- 1

PpRr-4

PPrr-1

Pprr-2

PpRR-1

ppRR-1

ppRr-2

pprr-1

Out of 16 possible genotype of offspring , 12 have dominant allele for flower color i.e "P"

Among these 12 pea plants, 9 have dominant allele for flower shape i.e "R"

Thus , probability of the gamete receiving a dominant allele for pea shape if it has dominant allele for flower color is

the element that provides strength to the exoskeletons of clams and oysters is phosphorus. this is so because calcium carbonate is the main component in the shells.

explanation:

cellular respiration oxidizes food into energy in the form of atps.

glycolysis (6 c hexose) > 2x atps are used > 6c hexose biphosphate > 2 x 3c triphosphate >

2 x 3c pyruvate (2x nadh produced from nad) and (4x atp produced)

pyruvate actively pumped mitochondrial matrix.