Is more energy involved in separating ions or solvating ions?

Which group of chordates does  notpossess true backbones?                 a.  birds      b.  frogs and toads      c.  lampreys      d.  crocodilians

Organisms that successfully adapt will leave to grownone of the above

Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between genetic variation and natural selection? a. genetic variation must be present in a population before natural selection can act on it. b. genetic variation arises in a population as a result of natural selection. c. natural selection can act on a population whether there is genetic variation within the population or not. d. after natural selection acts on a population, the amount of genetic variation in the population always increases.