Photosynthesis is the process by which plants effectively capture energy from the sun and store it for later use by organisms. it's the fundamental process that enables the entire food chain. actual photosynthesis is a highly complex process involving many steps and many different chemicals. but the idea of what is happening to the overall energy balance can be seen even in simpler reactions.

Photosynthesis requires sunlight, carbon dioxide and water as substrates to produce energy-storing carbohydrates. Oxygen is then generated as a waste product of photosynthesis. This simple carbohydrate molecule are high in energy and subsequently converted to glucose, sucrose and other sugar molecule that contain covalent bonds that store energy. Then, organisms breaks these molecules to release energy for cellular work. Moreover, this basic chemical equation summarizes the complex chemical reaction of photosynthesis.

CARBON DIOXIDE + WATER  SUNLIGHT SUGAR + OXYGEN

                   (6CO2 + 6H2O + Photons =  C6H12O6 + 6O2)

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the backbone of the dna and rna compound is sugar phosphate.