Which component is affected when a catalyst is added to a chemical reaction?
a.) the amount of substrate
b.) the activation energy
c.)
d.) the concentration of reactants

The correct answer is option B.) "the activation energy".

Explanation:

In chemistry, a catalyst is defined as a substance that accelerates a chemical reaction without being consumed in the reaction. Catalysts affect the activation of energy of the reaction by lowering it. This happens because catalysts open new pathways of reaction that require less energy, therefore the alternative routes need lowered activation energy for the reaction to start.

significant amounts of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and other pollution

explanation:

passenger vehicles are a major pollution contributor, producing significant amounts of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and other pollution. in 2013, transportation contributed more than half of the carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, and almost a quarter of the hydrocarbons emitted into our air.

b. heterotroph

explanation: