This is the simplest type of carbohydrate, commonly known as a simple sugar, which acts as a building block for larger carbohydrates such as starches.

Monosaccharides

Explanation:

Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrate compounds, having between three and seven carbons. They are monomers, that is, they cannot be hydrolyzed. They usually have sweet taste and are always soluble in water. The most popularly known are pentoses and hexoses.

Most monosaccharides in aqueous solution are cyclic (ring-shaped). A reaction occurs between the carbonyl group and an OH group of the molecule itself, forming homoacetal compounds when it has aldehyde function and homocetals when it has ketone function.

i would say the prokaryotic cells the prokaryotic cells are less complex, are usually found only in unicellular organisms and have more limited capabilities than eukaryotic cells.

hydroxyl -oh

alcohols, always polar, can form hydrogen bonds with h2o molecules

carboxyl -cooh  

cargoxylic acids, has acidic properties which is a source of hydrogen ions, found in cells in ionized for with a charge of oh-1

carbonyl > co

ketone if within skeleton, aldehyde if group is at the end of skeleton, k & a may be structural isomers, it determines 2 sugars (ketose & aldose)

amino -nh2

amines, acts as a base, it can pick up h+ ions from surrounding solution, ionized with charge of 1+

methyl ch2

addition to rna/dna affects and gene expression

phosphate -opo3 ²⁻

organic phosphates, contributes to negative charge to, molecule that it is a part of, and potential to react with h20

sulfhydryl -sh

thiols, cross-linking stabilize the protein, and it is structure